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Java Basis/Java并发编程阿里巴巴-梁飞.pptx
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LICENSE
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LICENSE
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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|
||||
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
||||
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
|
||||
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
|
||||
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
|
||||
Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
|
||||
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
|
||||
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
|
||||
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
|
||||
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
|
||||
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
|
||||
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
||||
|
||||
NO WARRANTY
|
||||
|
||||
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
||||
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
|
||||
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
|
||||
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
|
||||
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
||||
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
|
||||
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
|
||||
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
|
||||
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
||||
|
||||
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
|
||||
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
|
||||
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
|
||||
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
|
||||
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
|
||||
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
|
||||
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
|
||||
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
|
||||
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
||||
|
||||
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
|
||||
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
||||
|
||||
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
||||
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
||||
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
|
||||
|
||||
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
|
||||
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
|
||||
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
|
||||
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
||||
|
||||
{description}
|
||||
Copyright (C) 2018 小柒2012
|
||||
|
||||
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||||
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
|
||||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||||
|
||||
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||||
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||||
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
|
||||
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
|
||||
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
|
||||
|
||||
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
||||
|
||||
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
|
||||
when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
||||
|
||||
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
|
||||
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
|
||||
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
|
||||
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
|
||||
|
||||
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
|
||||
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
|
||||
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
|
||||
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
|
||||
|
||||
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
|
||||
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
|
||||
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
|
||||
|
||||
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
|
||||
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
|
||||
|
||||
{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
|
||||
Ty Coon, President of Vice
|
||||
|
||||
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
|
||||
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
|
||||
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
|
||||
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
|
||||
Public License instead of this License.
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
limitations under the License.
|
||||
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
- 在创建表的时候如果在业务中能保证非null的字段，建议明确标示not null 因为mysql中对null需要特殊的标示。使用not null 字段更节省空间。对接下来的索引构建也有好处。
|
||||
|
||||
- count(*) 和count(id) id 代表某个字段。在mysql中count(*)会把null统计进去、而count(id) 不会。如果统计的字段中含有null，这个两个统计的结果是不同的。
|
||||
- count(*) 和count(name) name 代表某个字段，可以为NULL。在mysql中count(*)会把null统计进去、而count(name) 不会。如果统计的字段中含有null，这个两个统计的结果是不同的。
|
||||
|
||||
- 在sql语句等号左边用函数，会使该查询在该字段无法使用索引。如LENGTH(str) 函数。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
43
数据库/MySql_skill.md
Normal file
43
数据库/MySql_skill.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
|
||||
## MySql 小技巧
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1）修改默认时区
|
||||
|
||||
select now(); 查看 MySql 系统时间。和当前时间做对比
|
||||
|
||||
set global time_zone = '+8:00';设置时区更改为东八区
|
||||
|
||||
flush privileges; 刷新权限
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2）批量删除以字段开头的表
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# 先查询
|
||||
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(table_name) FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema='itstyle' AND table_name LIKE 'add%'
|
||||
# 拷贝出来
|
||||
DROP TABLE add_student,add_teacher
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3）查看所有连接进程
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
show full processlist
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
看一下所有连接进程，注意查看进程等待时间以及所处状态 是否locked
|
||||
|
||||
如果进程过多，就把进程打印下来，然后查看
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
mysql -e 'show full processlist;' > list.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4）创建一个只读权限的用户
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# 创建查询用户、允许外网访问
|
||||
CREATE USER 'select'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
|
||||
# 给新用户赋予查询权限
|
||||
GRANT SELECT ON * . * TO 'select'@'%';
|
||||
# 刷新权限
|
||||
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
|
||||
```
|
||||
94
架构之路/一些设计上的基本常识 - 梁飞.md
Normal file
94
架构之路/一些设计上的基本常识 - 梁飞.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
|
||||
最近给团队新人讲了一些设计上的常识，可能会对其它的新人也有些帮助， 把暂时想到的几条，先记在这里。
|
||||
|
||||
### API与SPI分离
|
||||
|
||||
框架或组件通常有两类客户，一个是使用者，一个是扩展者，
|
||||
API(Application Programming Interface)是给使用者用的，
|
||||
而SPI(Service Provide Interface)是给扩展者用的，
|
||||
在设计时，尽量把它们隔离开，而不要混在一起，
|
||||
也就是说，使用者是看不到扩展者写的实现的，
|
||||
比如：一个Web框架，它有一个API接口叫Action， 里面有个execute()方法，是给使用者用来写业务逻辑的，
|
||||
然后，Web框架有一个SPI接口给扩展者控制输出方式， 比如用velocity模板输出还是用json输出等，
|
||||
如果这个Web框架使用一个都继承Action的VelocityAction和一个JsonAction做为扩展方式，
|
||||
要用velocity模板输出的就继承VelocityAction，要用json输出的就继承JsonAction，
|
||||
这就是API和SPI没有分离的反面例子，SPI接口混在了API接口中，
|
||||
合理的方式是，有一个单独的Renderer接口，有VelocityRenderer和JsonRenderer实现，
|
||||
Web框架将Action的输出转交给Renderer接口做渲染输出。
|
||||
|
||||
### 服务域/实体域/会话域分离
|
||||
|
||||
任何框架或组件，总会有核心领域模型，比如： Spring的Bean，Struts的Action，Dubbo的Service，Napoli的Queue等等
|
||||
这个核心领域模型及其组成部分称为实体域，它代表着我们要操作的目标本身，
|
||||
实体域通常是线程安全的，不管是通过不变类，同步状态，或复制的方式，
|
||||
服务域也就是行为域，它是组件的功能集，同时也负责实体域和会话域的生命周期管理，
|
||||
比如Spring的ApplicationContext，Dubbo的ServiceManager等， 服务域的对象通常会比较重，
|
||||
而且是线程安全的，并以单一实例服务于所有调用， 什么是会话？就是一次交互过程，
|
||||
会话中重要的概念是上下文，什么是上下文？ 比如我们说：“老地方见”，这里的“老地方”就是上下文信息，
|
||||
为什么说“老地方”对方会知道，因为我们前面定义了“老地方”的具体内容， 所以说，上下文通常持有交互过程中的状态变量等，
|
||||
会话对象通常较轻，每次请求都重新创建实例，请求结束后销毁。
|
||||
简而言之： 把元信息交由实体域持有， 把一次请求中的临时状态由会话域持有， 由服务域贯穿整个过程。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在重要的过程上设置拦截接口
|
||||
|
||||
如果你要写个远程调用框架，那远程调用的过程应该有一个统一的拦截接口，
|
||||
如果你要写一个ORM框架，那至少SQL的执行过程，Mapping过程要有拦截接口，
|
||||
如果你要写一个Web框架，那请求的执行过程应该要有拦截接口， 等等，
|
||||
没有哪个公用的框架可以Cover住所有需求，允许外置行为，是框架的基本扩展方式， 这样，
|
||||
如果有人想在远程调用前，验证下令牌，验证下黑白名单，统计下日志，
|
||||
如果有人想在SQL执行前加下分页包装，做下数据权限控制，统计下SQL执行时间，
|
||||
如果有人想在请求执行前检查下角色，包装下输入输出流，统计下请求量， 等等，
|
||||
就可以自行完成，而不用侵入框架内部， 拦截接口，通常是把过程本身用一个对象封装起来，传给拦截器链，
|
||||
比如：远程调用主过程为invoke()，那拦截器接口通常为invoke(Invocation)，
|
||||
Invocation对象封装了本来要执行过程的上下文，并且Invocation里有一个invoke()方法，
|
||||
由拦截器决定什么时候执行，同时，Invocation也代表拦截器行为本身，
|
||||
这样上一拦截器的Invocation其实是包装的下一拦截器的过程，
|
||||
直到最后一个拦截器的Invocation是包装的最终的invoke()过程，
|
||||
同理，SQL主过程为execute()，那拦截器接口通常为execute(Execution)，原理一样， 当然，实现方式可以任意，上面只是举例。
|
||||
|
||||
### 重要的状态的变更发送事件并留出监听接口
|
||||
|
||||
这里先要讲一个事件和上面拦截器的区别，拦截器是干预过程的，它是过程的一部分，
|
||||
是基于过程行为的， 而事件是基于状态数据的，任何行为改变的相同状态，对事件应该是一致的，
|
||||
事件通常是事后通知，是一个Callback接口，方法名通常是过去式的，比如onChanged()，
|
||||
比如远程调用框架，当网络断开或连上应该发出一个事件，当出现错误也可以考虑发出一个事件，
|
||||
这样外围应用就有可能观察到框架内部的变化，做相应适应。
|
||||
|
||||
### 扩展接口职责尽可能单一，具有可组合性
|
||||
|
||||
比如，远程调用框架它的协议是可以替换的， 如果只提供一个总的扩展接口，
|
||||
当然可以做到切换协议， 但协议支持是可以细分为底层通讯，序列化，动态代理方式等等，
|
||||
如果将接口拆细，正交分解，会更便于扩展者复用已有逻辑，而只是替换某部分实现策略， 当然这个分解的粒度需要把握好。
|
||||
|
||||
### 微核插件式，平等对待第三方
|
||||
|
||||
大凡发展的比较好的框架，都遵守微核的理念， Eclipse的微核是OSGi，
|
||||
Spring的微核是BeanFactory，Maven的微核是Plexus， 通常核心是不应该带有功能性的，
|
||||
而是一个生命周期和集成容器， 这样各功能可以通过相同的方式交互及扩展，
|
||||
并且任何功能都可以被替换， 如果做不到微核，至少要平等对待第三方，
|
||||
即原作者能实现的功能，扩展者应该可以通过扩展的方式全部做到，
|
||||
原作者要把自己也当作扩展者，这样才能保证框架的可持续性及由内向外的稳定性。
|
||||
|
||||
### 不要控制外部对象的生命周期
|
||||
|
||||
比如上面说的Action使用接口和Renderer扩展接口， 框架如果让使用者或扩展者把Action或Renderer实现类的类名或类元信息报上来，
|
||||
然后在内部通过反射newInstance()创建一个实例， 这样框架就控制了Action或Renderer实现类的生命周期，
|
||||
Action或Renderer的生老病死，框架都自己做了，外部扩展或集成都无能为力，
|
||||
好的办法是让使用者或扩展者把Action或Renderer实现类的实例报上来，
|
||||
框架只是使用这些实例，这些对象是怎么创建的，怎么销毁的，都和框架无关， 框架最多提供工具类辅助管理，而不是绝对控制。
|
||||
|
||||
### 可配置一定可编程，并保持友好的CoC约定
|
||||
|
||||
因为使用环境的不确定因素很多，框架总会有一些配置， 一般都会到classpath直扫某个指定名称的配置，
|
||||
或者启动时允许指定配置路径， 做为一个通用框架，应该做到凡是能配置文件做的一定要能通过编程方式进行，
|
||||
否则当使用者需要将你的框架与另一个框架集成时就会带来很多不必要的麻烦，
|
||||
另外，尽可能做一个标准约定，如果用户按某种约定做事时，就不需要该配置项。
|
||||
比如：配置模板位置，你可以约定，如果放在templates目录下就不用配了， 如果你想换个目录，就配置下。
|
||||
|
||||
### 区分命令与查询，明确前置条件与后置条件
|
||||
|
||||
这个是契约式设计的一部分，尽量遵守有返回值的方法是查询方法，void返回的方法是命令，
|
||||
询方法通常是幂等性的，无副作用的，也就是不改变任何状态，调n次结果都是一样的，
|
||||
比如get某个属性值，或查询一条数据库记录， 命令是指有副作用的，也就是会修改状态，
|
||||
比如set某个值，或update某条数据库记录， 如果你的方法即做了修改状态的操作，又做了查询返回，
|
||||
如果可能，将其拆成写读分离的两个方法， 比如：User deleteUser(id)，删除用户并返回被删除的用户，
|
||||
考虑改为getUser()和void的deleteUser()。 另外，每个方法都尽量前置断言传入参数的合法性，后置断言返回结果的合法性，并文档化。
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user