# Landmarks

Facial landmark detection provides precise localization of facial features.

<figure markdown="span">
  ![106-Point Landmarks](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yakhyo/uniface/main/assets/demos/landmarks.jpg){ width="50%" }
  <figcaption>106-point facial landmark localization</figcaption>
</figure>

---

## Available Models

| Model | Points | Size |
|-------|--------|------|
| **Landmark106** | 106 | 14 MB |

!!! info "5-Point Landmarks"
    Basic 5-point landmarks are included with all detection models (RetinaFace, SCRFD, YOLOv5-Face, YOLOv8-Face).

---

## 106-Point Landmarks

### Basic Usage

```python
from uniface.detection import RetinaFace
from uniface.landmark import Landmark106

detector = RetinaFace()
landmarker = Landmark106()

# Detect face
faces = detector.detect(image)

# Get detailed landmarks
if faces:
    landmarks = landmarker.get_landmarks(image, faces[0].bbox)
    print(f"Landmarks shape: {landmarks.shape}")  # (106, 2)
```

### Landmark Groups

| Range | Group | Points |
|-------|-------|--------|
| 0-32 | Face Contour | 33 |
| 33-50 | Eyebrows | 18 |
| 51-62 | Nose | 12 |
| 63-86 | Eyes | 24 |
| 87-105 | Mouth | 19 |

### Extract Specific Features

```python
landmarks = landmarker.get_landmarks(image, face.bbox)

# Face contour
contour = landmarks[0:33]

# Left eyebrow
left_eyebrow = landmarks[33:42]

# Right eyebrow
right_eyebrow = landmarks[42:51]

# Nose
nose = landmarks[51:63]

# Left eye
left_eye = landmarks[63:72]

# Right eye
right_eye = landmarks[76:84]

# Mouth
mouth = landmarks[87:106]
```

---

## 5-Point Landmarks (Detection)

All detection models provide 5-point landmarks:

```python
from uniface.detection import RetinaFace

detector = RetinaFace()
faces = detector.detect(image)

if faces:
    landmarks_5 = faces[0].landmarks
    print(f"Shape: {landmarks_5.shape}")  # (5, 2)

    left_eye = landmarks_5[0]
    right_eye = landmarks_5[1]
    nose = landmarks_5[2]
    left_mouth = landmarks_5[3]
    right_mouth = landmarks_5[4]
```

---

## Visualization

### Draw 106 Landmarks

```python
import cv2

def draw_landmarks(image, landmarks, color=(0, 255, 0), radius=2):
    """Draw landmarks on image."""
    for x, y in landmarks.astype(int):
        cv2.circle(image, (x, y), radius, color, -1)
    return image

# Usage
landmarks = landmarker.get_landmarks(image, face.bbox)
image_with_landmarks = draw_landmarks(image.copy(), landmarks)
cv2.imwrite("landmarks.jpg", image_with_landmarks)
```

### Draw with Connections

```python
def draw_landmarks_with_connections(image, landmarks):
    """Draw landmarks with facial feature connections."""
    landmarks = landmarks.astype(int)

    # Face contour (0-32)
    for i in range(32):
        cv2.line(image, tuple(landmarks[i]), tuple(landmarks[i+1]), (255, 255, 0), 1)

    # Left eyebrow (33-41)
    for i in range(33, 41):
        cv2.line(image, tuple(landmarks[i]), tuple(landmarks[i+1]), (0, 255, 0), 1)

    # Right eyebrow (42-50)
    for i in range(42, 50):
        cv2.line(image, tuple(landmarks[i]), tuple(landmarks[i+1]), (0, 255, 0), 1)

    # Nose (51-62)
    for i in range(51, 62):
        cv2.line(image, tuple(landmarks[i]), tuple(landmarks[i+1]), (0, 0, 255), 1)

    # Draw points
    for x, y in landmarks:
        cv2.circle(image, (x, y), 2, (0, 255, 255), -1)

    return image
```

---

## Use Cases

### Face Alignment

```python
from uniface.face_utils import face_alignment

# Align face using 5-point landmarks
aligned = face_alignment(image, faces[0].landmarks)
# Returns: 112x112 aligned face
```

### Eye Aspect Ratio (Blink Detection)

```python
import numpy as np

def eye_aspect_ratio(eye_landmarks):
    """Calculate eye aspect ratio for blink detection."""
    # Vertical distances
    v1 = np.linalg.norm(eye_landmarks[1] - eye_landmarks[5])
    v2 = np.linalg.norm(eye_landmarks[2] - eye_landmarks[4])

    # Horizontal distance
    h = np.linalg.norm(eye_landmarks[0] - eye_landmarks[3])

    ear = (v1 + v2) / (2.0 * h)
    return ear

# Usage with 106-point landmarks
left_eye = landmarks[63:72]  # Approximate eye points
ear = eye_aspect_ratio(left_eye)

if ear < 0.2:
    print("Eye closed (blink detected)")
```

### Head Pose Estimation

```python
import cv2
import numpy as np

def estimate_head_pose(landmarks, image_shape):
    """Estimate head pose from facial landmarks."""
    # 3D model points (generic face model)
    model_points = np.array([
        (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),       # Nose tip
        (0.0, -330.0, -65.0),  # Chin
        (-225.0, 170.0, -135.0),  # Left eye corner
        (225.0, 170.0, -135.0),   # Right eye corner
        (-150.0, -150.0, -125.0), # Left mouth corner
        (150.0, -150.0, -125.0)   # Right mouth corner
    ], dtype=np.float64)

    # 2D image points (from 106 landmarks)
    image_points = np.array([
        landmarks[51],   # Nose tip
        landmarks[16],   # Chin
        landmarks[63],   # Left eye corner
        landmarks[76],   # Right eye corner
        landmarks[87],   # Left mouth corner
        landmarks[93]    # Right mouth corner
    ], dtype=np.float64)

    # Camera matrix
    h, w = image_shape[:2]
    focal_length = w
    center = (w / 2, h / 2)
    camera_matrix = np.array([
        [focal_length, 0, center[0]],
        [0, focal_length, center[1]],
        [0, 0, 1]
    ], dtype=np.float64)

    # Solve PnP
    dist_coeffs = np.zeros((4, 1))
    success, rotation_vector, translation_vector = cv2.solvePnP(
        model_points, image_points, camera_matrix, dist_coeffs
    )

    return rotation_vector, translation_vector
```

---

## Factory Function

```python
from uniface.landmark import create_landmarker

landmarker = create_landmarker()  # Returns Landmark106
```

---

## See Also

- [Detection Module](detection.md) - Face detection with 5-point landmarks
- [Attributes Module](attributes.md) - Age, gender, emotion
- [Gaze Module](gaze.md) - Gaze estimation
- [Concepts: Coordinate Systems](../concepts/coordinate-systems.md) - Landmark formats